Q: What inspired you to write Through the Perilous Fight?
A: I grew up and have spent much of my life in the Washington area,
living at different times in the District, Virginia and Maryland. This cradle
of American history is filled with sites and markers making references to the
Revolution and the Civil War. I was always struck by the comparatively little
attention paid to the War of 1812, despite the remarkable events that took
place in the area.
In the late 1980s, some friends and I took a pontoon boat up the
heavily silted and badly polluted Anacostia River to Bladensburg, Md., site of
the battle that decided the fate of Washington. We found only a forlorn
waterfront with a nearby go-go bar, but virtually no reference to the battle. I
had always wanted to learn more about the story behind the British invasion,
the capture of Washington’s capture, and the story behind the Star Spangled
Banner, and decided the bicentennial was the time to do it.
Q: Your book is very detailed--what kind of research did you do to
recreate this period, and was there anything that particularly surprised you?
A: The book involved research on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. In
the United States, this included research at the Library of Congress, the
National Archives, and various state and local historical societies, most
importantly the Maryland Historical Society.
There were a lot of surprises in what I found, but one I should mention
was how much fun I had exploring some of key sites in the story by land and
water.
I traveled by ferry to remote Tangier Island in the middle of the
Chesapeake Bay, which the British used as their base to launch the attacks on
Washington and Baltimore. I sailed up the Chesapeake Bay from Norfolk to
Baltimore aboard the Coast Guard tall ship Eagle, following the British route
of invasion.
I rode aboard another Coast Guard cutter to reach a buoy in Patapsco
River marking the spot where Francis Scott Key is believed to have witnessed
the bombardment of Fort McHenry. I sailed aboard an authentic clipper in the
waters off Fort McHenry, providing a unique perspective on the British attack.
I plied the Potomac, examining locations critical 200 years ago
My children accompanied me on many of my research trips, most memorably
on an archaeological dig overseen by the Smithsonian at the site of the Battle
of Bladensburg, where they helped uncover the floor of a building believed to
have been an anchor of American defenses.
I traveled to Great Britain in 2010 to search for papers not previously
examined by American authors. I examined numerous records and diaries relating
to the British expeditionary force, including at the British National Archives
in Kew, the British Library, the Royal Marine and Royal Navy museums in
Portsmouth and the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich.
I also visited Northern Ireland, home of General Robert Ross and other
key figures in the campaign, and conducted research at the Public Records
Office in Belfast I visited Ross’s home village of Rostrevor, where I connected
with local historians to visit sites, met Ross’s descendants and gained more
insight into the general’s life.
Q: Why do you think there’s been less attention paid to the War of 1812?
A: The war was really about the future of the North American continent.
It’s interesting to note that the war loomed very large in the American
consciousness for many years. It had established both an American sovereignty
and a sense of union that hadn’t existed before the war. Some considered it a
second War of Independence.
It wasn’t known then as the War of 1812, which by the way is not a
great name for a war that lasted nearly three years. Of course the war was
superseded by the Civil War, and over time, 1812 receded in our collective
memory.
The War of 1812 should be remembered for what it is: a critical moment
in the young nation’s development, a turning point where the country’s history
could easily gone in a different, less bright direction.
Q: What accounted for the different outcomes in Washington and
Baltimore during the fighting in 1814?
A: A lot of things, but one important reason was the three-week delay
before the British attacked Baltimore. This gave the city plenty of time to
prepare, and allowed for thousands of militia from across Maryland, Virginia
and Pennsylvania to join in the defenses.
It also shows the difference a few critical people can make in changing
history. Having Gen. Samuel Smith in charge of the militia defenses in
Baltimore was an enormous improvement over Gen. William Winder in Washington.
One thing I don’t give much credence to is the claim that the differing
outcomes prove Baltimoreans were tougher than Washingtonians. In fact, most of
the militia troops manning the first lines of defense at Bladensburg outside
Washington were from Baltimore and Baltimore County, and they were the first to
flee in the face of the British advance.
The Baltimore militia did a lot better
three weeks later at North Point, and an important reason why was they were
fighting for their homes this time. (I wrote a piece about this for the Post.)
Q: What are you working on now?
A: I’m mulling over some ideas for a new book project, and also
spending a lot of time on events in coming months for the bicentennial of the
burning of Washington, the battle for Baltimore and the writing of The
Star-Spangled Banner.
Q: Anything else we should know?
A: The next time you sing the National Anthem at a baseball game or
wherever, you have to remember to remember that the verse we sing is really one
long question, ultimately wondering not just whether the flag was still flying,
but whether the republic would survive. Key wasn’t at all sure at that moment
that it would.
His description of the American flag flying over Fort McHenry in
Baltimore harbor after the tremendous British bombardment created an indelible
image for a nation shaken by the fall of Washington, not unlike later images of
the flag raised by Marines at Iwo Jima or by firefighters at the World Trade
Center after 9/11.
