Robert K. Wittman is the co-author, with David Kinney, of the book The Devil's Diary: Alfred Rosenberg and the Stolen Secrets of the Third Reich, now available in paperback. He also has written the book Priceless. He founded the FBI's Art Crime Team, and is president of Robert Wittman, Inc.
Q: You were involved in the efforts to retrieve Nazi
official Alfred Rosenberg's missing diary. How did you and David Kinney end up
writing a book about Rosenberg and the diary?
A: After we did the recovery in 2013, the diary was so
important, and had never been transcribed or translated—it was in the files in
Nuremberg during the trial, but the prosecutors didn’t really use it in the
trial.
The diary was to be sent back to the National Archives,
but…Robert Kempner [a German-born lawyer who worked on the trial] acquired
it—he kept that and 8.000 pounds worth of documents that he did not turn over.
He had it shipped to his home in Pennsylvania…
[Once it was recovered,] we wanted to do something to
educate the general public. There is a historians’ group that studies World War
II, and who are very familiar with it, but that’s probably one percent of the
population.
We wanted to take a very important diary and put it in
context—how it was discovered, who took it, the contents of the diary
itself—and write it in a way that they general public could understand.
If you’re a historian, you’re probably not going to get a
new perspective, but if you’re a general Joe, like me, you will learn a
lot…This is the guy who indoctrinated the Nazi party. That’s why it’s vitally
important. Our goal is to educate, inform, and warn the general public…
Q: How did the two of
you work together on the book, and what type of research did you need to do to write
this?
A: The toughest parts were [getting] the detail on Robert
Kempner…also, putting the diary into context. There were only three major
diaries written by top Nazis.
The other two were written for publication. If that happens,
you will have information colored in their own way to make them look good.
Rosenberg didn’t do that. His diary was what he was thinking…He didn’t write
every day, so he was only hitting the high points.
It’s hard to see what was happening in Germany on that day.
That was a real task, and was challenging. David is a fabulous Pulitzer
Prize-winning journalist. He would put information into a format, and I would
go over that…we worked very closely together.
It took us three years. We’re good friends; it worked out
well. We went to Germany together, and saw the areas where Rosenberg lived and
we went to the concentration camp. We had to immerse ourselves into the period
and the tragedy—it’s very difficult; it was a very dark time…
Q: Despite your own involvement in the case, was there
anything that particularly surprised you as you worked on the book that you had
not known before?
A: The simplicity of how those guys came to power. You’d
think they had a grand plan, but they just utilized events to make it work for
them. You think of the Germans, the Nazis, having a hierarchy of a system.
There was [an organized] system from the bottom up, but at the top it was every
man for himself. In the FBI, we call that a shit show.
Hitler’s management style was to give three people the same
job and let them fight over it. There was a cacophony of fighting they would
do. A lot of Rosenberg’s writings involved hatred of others at that level in
the Third Reich. He wanted to be the head of foreign services, and when
Ribbentrop got it, he thought he was an idiot.
Q: For those who perhaps don't know much about Rosenberg's
role in the Third Reich, can you say more about his importance?
A: He was the chief ideologue, the philosopher who came up
with the ideas. He believed Jews started the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and
there was a big fear of communism after the First World War. He saw Jews as the
devils of Europe.
The idea that culminated in Hitler was Rosenberg’s—the idea
that the Aryan race was the supreme race. He thought the British should be fighting
with them [as] the Aryan race. He couldn’t understand why Ribbentrop couldn’t
get England to fight with them.
Rosenberg had certain feelings against organized churches.
Not just Jews, but Christian churches—he writes that he went to a church and saw
people kneeling before a dead person—that was Christ on the cross. The basic
reason was that was in competition with their Nazi philosophy—they wanted to be
the church of Germany…
Rosenberg became the chief spokesman of the Nazi party. He
was sent by Hitler to educate the masses and foment the rabble. He gave
long-winded speeches like Hitler did. In the 1930s, he was as popular in German
culture as Hitler. His book The Myth of the 20th Century was right
next to Mein Kampf.
Q: You said earlier that your goal was to educate, inform,
and warn the general public. Can you say more about what you meant when you
said “warn”?
A: If you read The Devil’s Diary and you think at all, you
will see similarities that get repeated through history. One question I always
get at talks is how could the German people, advanced in science, philosophy,
art, accept the destruction of an entire segment of society, Jews? How could
that happen?
My response [at a recent talk] was, we’re talking about
Muslim bans now. You could see how it could happen. A rabble-rousing leader
creates energy and destroys the free press and provokes fear.
That’s exactly what happened in Germany. He promises
economic growth, economic victory at a time when the economy is not doing well.
After World War I Germans were in a terrible situation. That was the growth of
the Nazi party, 1919-1930—the promise of economic [victory].
Hitler said, I am the savior of our country. It’s very
reminiscent of things we hear now. To think it could possibly happen in the United
States is unbelievable. The nationalism is exactly what happened between World
War I and II.
National populism happened in Europe—the French were out for
the French, the Germans for the Germans. [In many countries] there were
autocratic rulers [using] populism—when we look at ourselves, it creates
dislike of the “other.”
What we have today—globalism is very important. This is one
big world, and to think we should only look out for one small segment is going
to get us into trouble. Reading The Devil’s Diary, you can see how that can
arise. It’s amazing how history can repeat itself.
One of the biggest things the Nazis did was destroy the free
press—the “lugenpresse,” the lying press. The parallel today is “fake news.”
America First was a slogan of the American Nazi Party. It was put forth by
Hitler to keep America out of the war.
Q: What are you working on now?
A: My first book is Priceless. It was a memoir of my career
as an FBI agent. I was the first senior investigator of the FBI’s national art
crime team—that’s how I got into this case. It’s art recovery, cultural
property recovery. It was a New York Times bestseller, about 12 or 13 cases I
did as an FBI investigator.
My second book is The Devil’s Diary. Now I’m doing one
that’s a historical biographical book, like The Devil’s Diary, involving salvage
recoveries from a sunken ship that relates back to the War of 1812. A big part
involves Dolley Madison.
--Interview with Deborah Kalb
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