Gail Buckland is the author of the new book Who Shot Sports: A Photographic History, 1843 to the Present, a companion to an exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum. Her many other books of photographic history include Who Shot Rock & Roll and The Magic Image. She is Distinguished Visiting Professor, and was Olympus Visiting Professor of the History of Photography, at The Cooper Union in New York.
Q: How did you come up with the idea for Who Shot Sports?
A: I did a book on the history of rock and roll photography,
which also accompanied an exhibition. It’s exhausting. I actually said [after
that] with a smile on my face to a friend, This is the first time in my
professional life I’m not working on a book—and he said, Sports! I said, I know
nothing about sports!...
I have spent my professional life trying to expand the canon of
photography…Things like rock and roll and sports tend not to be in the history
books of photography…
I attempt to do projects that will be a popular and critical
success. It gives me pleasure to bring audiences into the museums who wouldn’t
ordinarily come, and do books that are not catalogs, though they accompany an
exhibition. I did it my way! I liked working with a highbrow publisher for
lowbrow subjects…
Q: You write, “The story of sports photography is also the story of innovation in
photographic technology.” What were some of the greatest technological
innovations, and how did they affect sports photography over the years?
A:
When photography was invented, the mid-19th century exposures were
very slow. The last thing photographers were thinking about was the shutter...There’s
a tale of Leland Stanford wagering that a horse had all four legs off the
ground at one point; an artist had [portrayed] it incorrectly. Leland Stanford
hired [photographer Eadweard] Muybridge to capture the horse in motion. He
developed one of the earliest shutters…
The
way I embrace sports photography is about capturing the body in motion. People
don’t understand about early photographers—it’s a little like cooking. Everyone
mixed their own formulas. With sports photographers, they would see what
worked, and make faster lenses, and gradually figure it out.
They
didn’t invent the Leica but were one of the first groups of photographers to
say, This is the tool for us. It liberated them from big cameras and
tripods. With the Olympics coming up,
we’re all in awe of the camera angles. Even the GoPro is very adaptable to
sports…
I
had a Eureka moment. I wasn’t sure how to divide the book, and I was thinking
in obvious ways. I realized I have to
divide it [looking at] how photographers work—the vantage point. Where do they put the
camera?
Even
the greatest of photographers, you interview them, and you think they will say
they had a great relationship with Michael Jordan. No, they will say, First I
look for the background; Michael Jordan is secondary.
How
do you make a picture composed and memorable? So much sports photography is
disposable—it’s in a newspaper or a magazine, it’s chucked out. The schlock is
mixed with the great pictures. My idea is, Let’s just show the great pictures!
Q:
So what are some of the qualities found in the best sports photography, and how
did you select the photographs to include in this book?
A:
I think the best sports photographers use the same criteria as the best
photographers [of any subject]—for me, that means a type of lasting quality. It isn’t about who
is in the picture, necessarily, but our awe and wonder at what humans can
achieve.
Part
of it is a celebration of achievement. That becomes tied up with an aesthetic. [Etienne-Jules]
Marey, a French scientist who studied motion and birds in flight…said the
ancient Greeks were able to depict athletes and movements in friezes, vases,
and then for centuries people weren’t observing the body correctly until
photography…
When
I select pictures, there are incredible moments that make for a picture. It’s
not the winning goal, but for me it’s those pictures that connect with us for
those magical reasons we can’t always define.
Before
I had an inkling of doing a sports book, my son-in-law and two grandchildren
came into my kitchen, and said, Why do you have so and so [sports figure] on
your wall? I said, I don’t know who that is, but the composition reminds me of
a Renaissance painting! He said, That’s why you have it?
Part
of it is what connects to me. I look at thousands and thousands [of pictures] and
make the selections. I look again, and cut it down. This is my 14th
book. I’ve been working on photography seriously since my early 20s, and I’m 68
now. You get better at it. A young person will react strongly to certain
pictures, but will [those pictures] last 20 or 30 years?
Q:
The book includes photographs from a wide variety of sports. Are there
particular sports that lend themselves to excellent photography?
A:
I had a hard time with cricket! I saw the film Concussion. My daughter says she
won’t let her children play football. I am no fan of football, but before Astroturf
the photographs were so picturesque—they’re covered in mud and charging like
warriors. The composition is very powerful.
Soccer
has wonderful balletic qualities. You think of Nureyev. Swimming is very
elegant, and the diving! I tried to be as inclusive as I could. There’s rugby,
soccer in Africa, traditional sports in Spain.
It’s
hard work. The earliest photograph related to sports I could find was from
1843. Photography was announced to the world in 1839. You realize how early
that picture is. The photo is great—[the subject] has such attitude. I looked through all
the other photographs of this Mr. Laing [which have] a very traditional
composition—dead as a doornail. Given a racket, he becomes animated. He becomes
alive. It’s a wonderful foundation to sports photography—he’s conveying energy.
That’s
something else in sports photography—the kind of energy communicated that’s
infectious. It helps us understand why so many people love sports. It is
tribal…I think people will be captivated by what’s there as opposed to what’s
not there.
Q:
What are you working on now?
A:
I babysat all day—I’m working on being a grandmother! I am a Distinguished
Professor of the History of Photography [at The Cooper Union in New York]—I
teach and I have a lot to do coming up for the opening of the exhibit.
I’m
beginning to do interviews—there’s interest in a documentary based on the book.
I’m looking forward to a summer without pressure! Last summer I was sitting at
my desk for a minimum of [12] hours a day. I had this deadline…I was working on
this for four years, very intensely.
People
who have seen [the book], they feel there are so many people who would enjoy
it!...In all my books, I try to sneak in my love for photography and extensive
knowledge of the field…
--Interview with Deborah Kalb
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